Hearing loss can manifest at any age and may arise from various causes, each person experiencing it in their own unique way. Typically, hearing loss falls into one of three categories: conductive, sensorineural, or mixed—a blend of the first two types.
What Causes Hearing Loss?
Commonly, hearing loss stems from aging or prolonged exposure to loud noises. Other potential causes include:
- Infections during pregnancy.
- Infections in the middle ear.
- Trauma to the head.
- Perforation of the eardrum.
- Certain cancer therapies.
- Specific medications.
Conductive Hearing Loss
This form of hearing loss occurs when there’s a blockage or damage in the outer or middle ear, impeding sound transmission. It generally ranges from mild to moderate, with hearing loss between 25 to 65 decibels. Often, conductive hearing loss is reversible, treatable with either medication or surgical interventions depending on the cause.
In some cases, a conductive hearing loss can be temporary. Depending on the specific cause of the problem, medication or surgery can help.
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Often irreversible, sensorineural hearing loss is due to damage to the sensory cells (hair cells) in the cochlea, or nerve pathways from the inner ear to the brain, sometimes called “nerve deafness.” The severity can vary from mild to profound. Hearing aids, middle ear implants, or cochlear implants are common remedies, particularly for more severe cases or profound hearing loss.
Mixed Hearing Loss
This diagnosis indicates a combination of both sensorineural and conductive hearing loss, involving issues in both the inner and middle or outer ear. Treatment might involve a combination of medications, surgery, or auditory aids.